托福阅读技巧：什么是托福结构化阅读？

　　2018年就快来了，托福备考的各位学员都准备好了吗？今天重庆雅思外国语要给大家说的托福阅读技巧是托福结构化阅读，希望能帮助大家在托福考试的时候能考试顺利。

　　托福结构化阅读这个词本身只是阅读老师们在不同时空YY出来的一个说法(e.g. 牛顿与莱布尼茨)，各家机构甚至各位老师对其都存在不一样的解读和诠释。

　　下面，为大家带来雅思外国语-重庆托福培训机构老师所解读的结构化阅读：

　　以段落为单位做托福阅读题——为什么要以段落为单位阅读呢?

　　托福阅读，看似最小的分割单位是14个题目，实则是每个段落。如直接开始做题，必然会在完成该段落对应的2-3个题目的过程中反复回到文章中阅读，费时不讨好(血亏)。

　　高效且低错误率的阅读方法是，在开始看题之前先对对应该几题的段落(e.g.第一段对应1-2题)进行快速浏览，也就是我们通常说到的Scan。

　　Scan：速读;扫视，指的不是眼睛扫视的快，而是我们在通读本段的时候有所读而有所不读。

　　到底读哪些，哪些又可以略过呢?

　　我们先区别以下两个概念

　　Principle：原则/原理

　　Fact：事实

　　在以说明文当道的托福阅读文章中，单个段落中多数包含以上两种信息。

　　举个栗子，TPO 11-2 Orientation and Navigation文章第3段：

　　Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered around in the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new "Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.

　　从第一句中的In his research能看出，之后内容都是在描述实验属于Fact类型的信息，而在段落倒数的第四排He found之后的内容则是该实验的结果和进一步的猜想，属于Principle类型的信息。

　　很明显，Fact类型信息内容繁多，描述较为复杂凌乱，必然是我们Scan过程中所要略过的内容;相反的，Principle类型信息指向明确，言简意赅，应为我们重点关注的内容。

　　换个说法，在一个段落中出现Fact类型必然是支持或者解释Principle类型信息，后者的重要性远远高于前者。

　　所以你懂了么?

　　什么是托福结构化阅读？如何做到托福结构化阅读你清楚了吧，如果想了解更多托福阅读技巧，请关注重庆雅思外国语-托福培训。
 

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